LSFT Large-Scale Fire Test System

The LSFT Large-Scale Fire Test System is a specialized testing platform designed for extreme verification of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) safety performance. Built according to international standards including UL 9540A, NFPA-855 G.11 Appendix, and CSA TS-800. it simulates realistic fire scenarios such as external flame attack or internal battery thermal runaway. The system automatically collects and analyzes key parameters of the energy storage system, evaluating fire resistance, flame spread control, and structural stability. It provides a comprehensive solution for large-scale fire testing, ensuring reliable safety assessment under extreme conditions.

Application

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Safety Testing

Evaluates fire resistance, flame spread control, and structural stability of storage containers under realistic fire scenarios.

Research and Development

Provides data for BESS design optimization, material selection, and safety engineering through large-scale fire testing.

Safety Certification

Supports compliance with UL 9540A, NFPA-855. and CSA TS-800. enabling standardized assessment for fire safety certification.

Fire Protection Engineering

Tests protective structures, fire barriers, and exhaust systems in large-scale energy storage facilities.

Standards

The system complies with the following international standards:

(1) UL 9540A-2025 – Standard for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems

(2) NFPA-855 G.11 Appendix – Standard for Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems

(3) CSA TS-800 – Test Method for Large-Scale Fire Test Systems in Energy Storage Applications

Parameters

Features

Realistic Large-Scale Fire Simulation

Provides controlled testing of BESS under external flame attacks or internal thermal runaway.

Comprehensive Heat Release Monitoring

Measures heat release rate, smoke opacity, duct temperature, and airflow in real time.

Modular Test Structures

Movable calorimetric structures enable sample installation, pre-warning, and system protection.

Fire Containment & Safety

C-shaped refractory protective walls safeguard the experiment and reduce environmental impact.

Advanced Exhaust Treatment

Exhaust system with 200.000 m³/h flow using water film cyclonic scrubber, high-voltage electric separation, and activated carbon adsorption for toxic gas neutralization.

Multi-Channel Gas Analysis

FTIR, total hydrocarbon analysis, and sensor arrays allow precise gas composition monitoring.

High-Density Data Acquisition

Over 300 temperature channels and 30 voltage channels, with optional high-frequency pressure acquisition.

Fire Triggering Capability

Heating channels, high-voltage spark, and silicon nitride igniters trigger battery thermal runaway or gas ignition.

Comprehensive Monitoring & Recording

Infrared thermal imaging, explosion-proof cameras, video recording, and optional high-speed cameras or drones capture test progress.

Environmental Parameter Monitoring

Continuous measurement of temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric pressure.

Remote Observation & Control

Dedicated remote monitoring room provides safe observation, real-time data visualization, and multi-dimensional analysis.

Accessories

(1) Movable calorimetric test structure

(2) C-shaped refractory fire containment walls

(3) Exhaust gas purification system

(4) FTIR gas analyzer

(5) Total hydrocarbon analyzer

(6) Multi-channel sensors for temperature, voltage, and pressure

(7) Heating channels for fire triggering

(8) High-voltage spark and silicon nitride igniters

(9) Thermal imaging and explosion-proof cameras

(10) Remote monitoring control console

Test Procedures

Site Preparation: Configure the testing area according to fire test requirements and ensure safety systems are in place.

Sample Installation: Mount the energy storage system or container on the movable calorimetric structure.

Environmental Setup: Verify environmental parameters and ensure exhaust systems are operational.

System Configuration: Program data acquisition channels, gas analyzers, and fire triggering devices according to the test plan.

Initiate Fire Test: Trigger external flame attack or internal battery thermal runaway using heating channels, sparks, or igniters.

Real-Time Monitoring: Observe heat release rate, gas composition, smoke opacity, duct parameters, and structural response.

Data Recording: Capture video, thermal imaging, and all sensor data.

Test Completion: Safely extinguish flames, allow cooling, and retrieve test samples. Export data for analysis.

Maintenance Information

Inspect calorimetric structures, fire containment walls, and igniters for integrity before each test.

Maintain exhaust purification units by cleaning water film scrubbers, activated carbon filters, and electric separators regularly.

Calibrate sensors, data acquisition systems, and gas analyzers periodically.

Verify heating channels, spark generators, and igniters for operational readiness.

Backup all acquired data and system logs to ensure traceability and compliance documentation.

Conclusion

The LSFT Large-Scale Fire Test System provides a comprehensive platform for extreme fire testing of battery energy storage systems. By integrating heat release monitoring, multi-channel gas analysis, environmental monitoring, and remote observation, it allows safe and accurate evaluation of flame spread, structural stability, and fire mitigation measures. The system supports international compliance with UL 9540A, NFPA-855. and CSA TS-800. enabling reliable assessment for research, certification, and industrial safety validation.

FAQ

1. What is the primary purpose of the LSFT system?

The LSFT Large-Scale Fire Test System simulates extreme fire scenarios for Battery Energy Storage Systems. It evaluates fire resistance, flame spread, and structural stability while recording real-time heat release, gas composition, and environmental parameters, providing comprehensive data for safety assessment and research.

2. How does the system manage exhaust and toxic gases?

The exhaust system processes up to 200.000 m³/h of flue gas using a three-stage method: water film cyclonic scrubber, high-voltage electric separation, and activated carbon adsorption. This ensures efficient removal of toxic and harmful combustion products while maintaining environmental safety during large-scale fire tests.

3. Can the LSFT system trigger battery thermal runaway?

Yes, the system supports multiple fire-triggering methods, including heating channels, high-voltage sparks, and silicon nitride igniters. It can induce internal battery thermal runaway or gas ignition while monitoring the effects in real time, ensuring safe and controlled extreme testing.

4. What monitoring capabilities does the system provide?

The system offers multi-channel monitoring: over 300 temperature channels, 30 voltage channels, optional high-frequency pressure channels, thermal imaging, explosion-proof cameras, and environmental parameter monitoring (temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric pressure). Data is recorded and can be analyzed in real time.