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1. The background of developed With the improvement of peoples living standards and health and safety awareness, consumers quality requirements for shoes not only stay on a solid, durable level, but also pay attention to the health and safety of shoes performance. At present, the health and safety performance of shoe products has become an important indicator of product quality. Comfortability is one of the most important part of the health and safety performance of shoes. The comfort of shoes refers to a comprehensive evaluation of the physiological comfort, psychological comfort and aesthetic experience of consumers during the dressing process. When choosing shoes, people will first consider whether the appearance of the shoes is beautiful, whether the effect of the overall matching of the shoes and the clothing is coordinated, which can be called the appearance of the shoe; Only then will further consider the comfort of wearing, and it can also be called inner comfort.
The inner comfort of the shoe includes: the fit of the shoe cavity, the humidity and heat comfort inside the shoe cavity, the flexibility of the face, lining, insole and outsole, the upper,The synthesis of the bottom structure, the shock absorption of the sole, the obstruction of the sole (thickness), the non -slip effect of the sole, the weight of the whole pair of shoe and boots. Among them, the humid heat inside the shoe cavity is one of the most important factor affecting the comfort of the shoe. According to relevant information, when the relative humidity in the shoe cavity exceeds 70%, the skin tissue of the foot skin tissue is difficult to breathe. And changes. Due to the high thermal conductivity of water, the feet feel cold. Because the feet nerves are closely associated with other organs of the body, it will cause the wearer to disease. The relative temperature of the air in the shoe cavity is at 25 deg; C-37 deg; C skin skin due to the breeding and reproduction of various bacteria, which can easily cause skin diseases. How to improve the water vapor penetration of the shoe to maintain the temperature and humidity inside the shoe cavity and the external balance, so as to achieve the comfort of wearing, it has become a key topic for developing the shoe industry. Shoe manufacturing operators will start from the aspects of process, technology, design, materials, etc. to improve the water vapor penetration of shoes. However, at present, only the water vapor penetration of shoe materials at home and abroad and the standard and testing equipment of water vapor absorption. Because it is made of shoe materials, it is made of multiple processes such as sewing, fit, and molding. Because there are very few measurement of water vapor penetration at home and abroad at home and abroad, the detection methods and equipment are in a blank stage, and the water vapor permeability of measuring the shoe has become a problem that must be solved.
2. Test methods related to water vapor penetration At present, most institutions have only studied and tested the water vapor penetration and water vapor absorption of shoe materials. The relevant test method is also for shoe materials, such as ISO20344: 2004 Test Methods for Individual Protection Equipment Shoes standard. my countrys modification uses the standard IOS 20991-2007 Test Method for Individual Protection Equipment Shoes. ISO17699-2003 Shoe Shoes Gang and Shoe Line Test Method Water SteamedQi penetration and absorption in 2005 has been translated and declared national standards (not approved). my countrys QB/T1811-1993 Test Method of Leathers Water Delica. Judging from the above four standards, QB/T1811 was formulated in the early 1990s, so only the test method of leather water transparent steamy. ISO17699: 2003 specifies the test methods of shoe and shoe lining, which increases the penetration and absorption of water vapor. Its range is expanded from the leather to the shoe and shoe lining. The content is not only water vapor penetration, but also increases water vapor absorption. my countrys IOS20991-2007 Test Method for Individual Protection Equipment Shoes is to modify the use of ISO20344: 2004 Test Method for Individual Protective Equipment Shoes. This method adds shoe material water vapor penetration tests from ISO17699: 2003. The sample must be sample must For 20,000 times, the measurement of the water vapor coefficient was added to the calculation results, and the water vapor penetration and absorption performance of the shoe material were more comprehensively measured.
3. Methods and instrument development 3.1 Overview international standard ISO20344: 2004, ISO17699: 2003 and my countrys IOS20991-2007 and QB/T1811-1993 are all pairs of shoes The water vapor penetration of the material is tested. From the perspective of standard content, it is relatively mature. The detection equipment can also meet the standard requirements. The standard is recognized by the worlds shoe industry. It should be said that these four criteria have laid a solid foundation for the development of water vapor penetration and the development of test instruments. However, the finished shoes made of water vapor penetration performance are not necessarily good. Because a pair of shoes are combined by many kinds of shoe materials, they often go through sewing, fit, bonding, glue, hot and cold forming and other processes. The water vapor permeability of the gang surface has also changed. Moreover, the water vapor penetration performance of adult shoes is closely related to its own style and structure. How to determine the water vapor penetration of finished shoes to help evaluate and improve the comfort of shoes, and meet consumer needs is the focus of this article.
After several years of research, the author believes that the test environment and equipment conditions for the penetration of shoe water vapor should be the same as the test environment conditions of the water vapor penetration of the shoe material, so that it can accurately find out the changes in water vapor penetration during processing in processing. In the case, ISO20344: 2004, ISO17699: 2003, IOS20991-2007, and QB/T1811-1993 are all environmental conditions of 23 deg; C and 50%humidity; the size of the fan in its instruments is 90mm times; 75mm, and the size of its instruments is 90mm times; 75mm. The speed (1400 plusmn; 100) rotation/point, the hygroscopic conditions in the method are to measure the dry silicone and install it in the test bottle. The diameter of the bottle mouth is 30mm plusmn; 1mm. The quality of the shoe material is the water vapor penetration of the shoe material; the silicone gel in the bottle is slightly different, QB/T 1811 The specification is 59G, and the other three standards are half bottles. In terms of the installation of the sample: ISO20344 and IOS 20991 both stipulate that the side of the feet is facing, ISO17699 stipulates that if it is used to evaluate the penetration performance of the shoes to help the surface materials, that is, the closest to the feet faces up, QB/T181 It is specified that the sample is fixed inward inward to the mouth of the bottle. In short, the four standards are simulated into the test process of penetration from the inside of the shoe.
3.2 The principle of shoe water vapor penetration: continuously push a certain temperature and humidity, a certain amount of pressure into the inner mouth of the shoe cavity, and absorb the water vapor from the shoe cavity with a fixed absorption of silicone. Calculate The volume of the shoe unit (CM3) unit time (H) passed the water vapor volume (MG).
3.3 Test method 3.3.1 Drying of silicone: Silicone with a diameter of the particles greater than 2mm and 200g of 200g in (125 plusmn; 5) deg; C is dried more than 16h in a row, and then arrived in the dry -closed container to the container. Cool 6h. Take the silicone at the fastest speed and weigh (M1). Pour the dry silicone between the space between the sealing bag and the shoe gang, but in the specific operation, it is not easy to operate. After the test is over, the measuring silicone is not easy to clean and affects the test results. Installing silicone (reticulum can be used repeatedly) with ordinary bags, it is inconvenient when drying, so the R u0026 D team develops silicone in a metal wire bag. 200 grams are divided into three bags, and then sewn it with metal thread. During the test, the weighed silicone bags that have been weighed with a dry silicone bag are fixed with a single -sided rubber or rubber belt to the outside of the shoe gang, and then put the sample into a plastic contraction bag. Use a hot fan to shrink the bag.
3.3.2Measurement of the volume of the inner cavity of the finished shoe: put a steel ball with a particle diameter of 1mm into the inner cavity of the shoe, vibrate on a vibrator with a certain vibration frequency and amplitude for 2 minutes, and continuously replenish the steel ball untilThe steel ball began to overflow, and then poured the steel ball in the shoe cavity into the measuring cup. After shaking the vibrator for 2min, the volume of the steel ball was read. The volume was the volume of the inner cavity of the shoe (V).
3.3.3 Test steps: Put the dry and weighed silicone in the special sealing bag outside the sample shoe. Water vapor enters the placement of silicone from the sanitary mouth, and guarantees that it does not affect the normal flow of silicone during testing. Quickly fix the shoe on the turntable. The uniform fans of the shoe are adjusted at 15mm to adjust the distance between the shoe port and the fan. The speed of the turn is rotated in the opposite direction, and the test time (H) began to record. After the test is over, use the fastest speed to pour the silicone in the sample out of weight (M2).
3.3.4 Test condition determination
ISO20344: 2004, ISO17699: 2003, IOS2The four standard environmental conditions of the four standards of 0991-2007 and QB/T1811-1993 are all temperature of 23 deg; C and 50%humidity; the size of the fan in its instruments is 90mm times; 75mm, the speed (1400 plusmn; 100) rotation/point; the test time Both are 8H. This article uses the same conditions for testing, which can easily find the corresponding relationship between the shoe transparentness and the transparentness of the shoe. 3.3.5 Results Calculation: Use the following formula to calculate the water vapor permeability of the whole shoe (W1)
where M1 is the quality of the silicone before the test, the unit is G; M2: the quality of the silica glue after the test, the unit is G; The test time, the unit is H; V is the volume of the inner cavity of the shoe, and the unit is CM3.
3.3.6 The principles and main structures of the structure and characteristic instruments in 3.4.1 have been explained to explain the penetration of shoe water vapor penetration and water vapor absorption test. Comply with international standards and national standards for shoe materials. The study of shoe material water vapor penetration and water vapor absorption can be closely linked with the water vapor penetration of the shoe and the water vapor absorption. Effectively improve the product quality of shoe -to -shoes and water vapor penetration and water vapor absorption. ② Different shoes are high, medium, and low, and there are large small numbers. Although the calculation method of this instrument for the volume of the shoe is simple, there is a breakthrough in the calculation of the size of the shoe. The water vapor penetration and absorption of the water vapor of the shoe is reasonable. ③ The test environment of the instrument is (temperature, humidity) that can be adjusted, and can be set according to needs, and the application range is wide. ④ This instrument is designed on the basis of shoe water vapor penetration and water vapor absorption standards, so only one shoe material water vapor penetration special disk and three special bottle need to be processed to test the water vapor penetration of the shoe material. Remove the sample turntable, and this instrument can also be a constant temperature and humidity test instrument. One machine and three uses greatly reduce the cost of testing.
4. Validity verification of methods and instruments 4.1 Test of the water vapor perception of material water vapor according to QB/T1811-1993 Leather Aquatic Test Method. The materials were conducted repeated tests, and the number of repetitions was 10 times. See Table 1 for the specific results.
4.2 The first finished shoe water vapor permeability testing machine was jointly studied and developed by the Putian Haixi Shoe Industry Information Center and Sacris Dragon Equipment Design Center. The author used the above -mentioned development methods and related instruments to conduct repeated tests of 5 different styles of finished shoes, with a single repetitive number of 10 times. See Table 2 for the specific results.
